Perda de peso como preditor de mau prognóstico em pacientes hospitalizados com COVID-19 / Weight loss as a predictor of poor prognosis in patients hospitalized for COVID-19

Objetivo: Avaliar a relação entre a perda de peso com marcadores de mau prognóstico em pacientes hospitalizados com COVID-19 no estado de Pernambuco. Métodos: Estudo multicêntrico, transversal, acoplado a algumas variáveis de análise prospectiva envolvendo 71 indivíduos com COVID-19 admitidos para internação em 8 hospitais públicos de Recife, no Estado de Pernambuco. Foram incluídos indivíduos de ambos os sexos, com idade ≥ 20 anos, hospitalizados, no período de junho de 2020 a junho de 2021. Foram coletados dados sociodemográficos, clínicos, nutricionais e marcadores prognósticos. Resultados: A média de idade foi 54,6±15,6 anos, sendo 54,9% dos indivíduos do sexo masculino. Verificou-se que 26,8% dos pacientes eram diabéticos e 52,1% eram hipertensos. O perfil antropométrico indicou 56,3% de excesso de peso e 5,6% de baixo peso. Observou-se rastreio positivo para sarcopenia em 16,9%. A mediana da perda de peso foi 3,1% (0,0-6,6%), sendo uma perda > 5% evidenciada em 29,6% da amostra. Verificou-se que a perda de peso foi mais frequente nos homens (16 (41,0%) vs. 5 (15,6%); p = 0,020) e que as variáveis demográficas, clínicas e nutricionais não se associaram à redução do peso corporal. Não houve associação estatística entre a perda de peso e as variáveis prognósticas (p NS). Conclusão: embora o estudo não tenha demonstrado associação entre a perda de peso e variáveis prognósticas, esta deve ser considerada na avaliação do paciente com COVID-19, devendo ser investigada e tratada como uma importante medida de promoção à saúde.

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between weight loss and markers of poor prognosis in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the state of Pernambuco. Methods: A multicenter, cross-sectional study coupled with prospective analysis variables involving 71 individuals with COVID-19 admitted for hospitalization in 8 public hospitals in Recife, in the State of Pernambuco. Individuals of both sexes, aged ≥ 20 years, hospitalized from June 2020 to June 2021 were included. Sociodemographic, clinical, and nutritional data and prognostic markers were collected. Results: The average age was 54.6±15.6 years, with 54.9% of individuals being male. It was found that 26.8% of the patients were diabetic and 52.1% were hypertensive. The anthropometric profile indicated that 56.3% were overweight and 5.6% were underweight. Positive screening for sarcopenia was observed in 16.9%. The median weight loss was 3.1% (0.0-6.6%), with a loss > 5% evident in 29.6% of the sample. It was found that weight loss was more frequent in men (16 (41.0%) vs. 5 (15.6%); p = 0.020) and that demographic, clinical, and nutritional variables were not associated with body weight loss. There was no statistical association between weight loss and prognostic variables (p NS). Conclusion: Although the study did not demonstrate an association between weight loss and prognostic variables, this should be considered when assessing patients with COVID-19 and should be investigated and treated as an essential health promotion measure.

Factores pronósticos de muerte por neumonía adquirida en la comunidad en los pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica

Introducción: la prevención y tratamiento inmediato de las enfermedades infecciosas y en particular la neumonía adquirida en la comunidad (NAC), son indispensable para mejorar el pronóstico, en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC). Objetivo: evaluar la capacidad de un modelo basado en factores pronóstico para predecir el riego de morir por neumonía adquirida en la comunidad en los pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica. Métodos: se realizó un estudio analítico de cohorte en pacientes con diagnóstico de enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica y neumonía adquirida en la comunidad ingresados en el hospital Carlos Manuel de Céspedes, en el periodo comprendido desde el1rode enero de 2019 al 31 de diciembre de 2020. Resultados: con el modelo de regresión logística se encontró que el choque fue el factor más importante al elevar a más de 18 veces el mencionado riesgo (OR= 18,84; IC= 3,26 a 24,61; p= 0,000), seguido de la neumonía multilobar (OR= 14,55; IC= 8,80 a 21,43; p = 0,019) y de la disfunción orgánica reversible (OR= 8,01; IC= 1,25 a 51,17; p = 0,009). La calibración y la discriminación del modelo quedó demostrado por los valores de la prueba de Hosmer-Lemeshow (p= 0,419) y el área bajo la curva características operativas receptor (0,952; p= 0,000) respectivamente. Conclusiones: con los valores obtenidos por el modelo de regresión logística se podrá estimar el riesgo de morir, al mostrar adecuada calibración y capacidad discriminativa.

Introduction: the prevention and immediate treatment of infectious diseases and in particular community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), are essential to improve the prognosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Objective: to evaluate the ability of a model based on prognostic factors to predict the risk of dying from community-acquired pneumonia in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Methods: an analytical cohort study was conducted in patients diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and community-acquired pneumonia admitted to the Carlos Manuel de Céspedes hospital, in the period from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2020. Results: with the logistic regression model it was found that shock was the most important factor, raising the aforementioned risk to more than 18 times (OR= 18.84; CI= 3.26 to 24.61; p= 0.000), followed by multilobar pneumonia (OR= 14.55; CI= 8.80 to 21.43; p = 0.019) and reversible organ dysfunction (OR = 8.01; CI= 1.25 to 51.17; p = 0.009). The calibration and discrimination of the model was demonstrated by the values of the Hosmer-Lemeshow test (p = 0.419) and the area under the curve receiver operating characteristics (0.952; p = 0.000) respectively. Conclusions: with the values obtained by the logistic regression model, it will be possible to estimate the risk of dying, showing adequate calibration and discriminative capacity.

Introdução: a prevenção e o tratamento imediato das doenças infecciosas e, em particular, da pneumonia adquirida na comunidade (PAC), são essenciais para melhorar o prognóstico em pacientes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC). Objetivo: avaliar a capacidade de um modelo baseado em fatores prognósticos em predizer o risco de morte por pneumonia adquirida na comunidade em pacientes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica. Métodos: foi realizado um estudo de coorte analítico em pacientes com diagnóstico de doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica e pneumonia adquirida na comunidade internados no hospital Carlos Manuel de Céspedes, no período de 1º de janeiro de 2019 a 31 de dezembro de 2020. Resultados: com o modelo de regressão logística verificou-se que o choque foi o fator mais importante, elevando o risco supracitado para mais de 18 vezes (OR= 18,84; IC= 3,26 a 24,61; p= 0,000), seguida de pneumonia multilobar (OR= 14,55; IC= 8,80 a 21,43; p = 0,019) e disfunção orgânica reversível (OR = 8,01; IC= 1,25 a 51,17; p = 0,009). A calibração e discriminação do modelo foram demonstradas pelos valores do teste de Hosmer-Lemeshow (p = 0,419) e pelas características operacionais do receptor da área sob a curva (0,952; p = 0,000), respectivamente. Conclusões: com os valores obtidos pelo modelo de regressão logística, será possível estimar o risco de morrer, apresentando adequada calibração e capacidade discriminativa.

Fatores prognósticos em pacientes com câncer colorretal: análise de sobrevida global e livre de doença / Prognostic factors in patients with colorectal cancer: analysis of overall and disease-free survival

Objetivos: avaliar o impacto de variáveis clínicas e tumorais sobre a sobrevida global e a sobrevida livre da doença em pacientes com câncer colorretal atendidos em um hospital especializado em oncologia, em Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil. Métodos: estudo de coorte retrospectivo com análise do registro hospitalar de câncer e de prontuários de pacientes com câncer colorretal tratados entre 2015 e 2016, com acompanhamento até janeiro de 2022. A curva de Kaplan-Meier e o modelo de Cox, com apresentação do RR e IC95%, foram empregados nas análises. Resultados: foram incluídos no estudo 235 pacientes, dos quais 126 (53,6%) eram do sexo masculino, 204 (86,8%) tinham idade igual ou superior a 50 anos ao diagnóstico e 125 (53,2%) receberam inicialmente o diagnóstico de tumor de cólon. O risco de morte e de recorrência foram maiores em pacientes com estadiamento IV (RR = 2,77; IC95% = 1,57-3,85 e RR = 3,98; IC95% = 1,15-13,79), tumor no reto (RR = 2,04; IC95% = 1,24-3,38 e RR= 2,25; IC95% = 1,40-3,60) e metástase nos linfonodos regionais (RR = 2,26; IC95% = 1,27-4,03 e RR = 2,15; IC95% = 1,24-3,73). O risco de óbito foi elevado em idosos com Índice de Massa Corporal de baixo peso (RR = 3,5; IC95% = 0,9-75). Conclusões: no momento do diagnóstico, fatores tumorais como estadiamento avançado, tumor no reto e a presença de metástase são importantes preditores de mortalidade e recidiva do câncer colorretal, além disso, indicam o Índice de Massa Corporal como potencial variável de pior prognóstico na população idosa com câncer colorretal

Aims: to evaluate the impact of clinical and tumor variables on overall survival and disease-free survival in patients with colorectal cancer treated at a specialized oncology hospital in Curitiba, Paraná. Methods: a retrospective cohort study was carried out with analysis of the câncer hospital registry and medical records of patients with colorectal cancer treated between 2015 and 2016, with follow-up until January 2022. The Kaplan-Meier curve and the Cox model, with presentation of the Hazard Ratio (HR) and confidence interval 95% (95%CI), were used in the analyses. Results: 235 patients were included in the study, 126 (53.6%) males, 204 (86.8%) aged at diagnosis equal to or greater than 50 years and 125 (53.2%) with the initial diagnosis of tumor of colon. The risk of death and recurrence were higher in patients with stage IV (HR = 2.77; 95%CI = 1.57-3.85 and HR = 3.98; 95%CI = 1.15-13.79), tumor in the rectum (HR = 2.04; 95%CI = 1.24-3.38 and HR = 2.25; 95%CI = 1.40-3.60) and regional lymph node metastasis (HR = 2.26; 95%CI = 1.27-4.03 and HR = 2.15; 95%CI = 1.24-3.73). In addition, the risk of death was high in elderly with low weight Body Mass Index (HR =3.5; 95%CI = 0.9-75). Conclusions: at the time of diagnosis, tumor factors such as advanced staging, tumor in the rectum and the presence of metastasis are important predictors of mortality and recurrence of colorectal cancer, in addition, they indicate Body Mass Index as a potential variable of worse prognosis in the elderly population with colorectal cancer

Overall survival in Chilean patients with lymphoma and human immunodeficiency virus: A retrospective cohort study

ABSTRACT Introduction: People living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) still face high morbidity and mortality resulting from lymphoma. Aim: To describe a population of PLWH and lymphoma in a Chilean public hospital and compare the overall survival (OS) with a previously reported cohort from the same institution. Methods: Retrospective single-center cohort study. All the patients diagnosed between 2010 and 2017 were included. Demographic and clinical variables were obtained from medical records. The overall survival (OS) was estimated in treated patients from diagnosis until death or October 2020. The OS was then compared with a cohort of patients diagnosed between 1992 and 2008. Main Results: Eighty-four patients were included. The most common histological types were Burkitt's lymphoma (BL), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) and plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) at 31%, 27%, 21% and 14%, respectively. The three-year OS for the whole cohort of BL, DLBCL, HL and PBL was 58.9%, 65.2%, 47.4%, 76.4% and 50%, respectively. Compared to the cohort of 1992 to 2008, a global increase in the OS was found after excluding HL and adjusting for age and clinical stage (HR 0.38, p = 0.002). However, when the main types were analyzed individually, the increase in the OS was statistically significant only in DLBCL (HR 0.29, p = 0.007). Most patients with DLBCL received CHOP chemotherapy, as in the previous cohort. Conclusion: The OS has improved in this population, despite no major changes in chemotherapy regimens, mainly due to the universal access to antiretroviral therapy.

The prognostic roles of PYCR2 and ZBTB18 expression in tissues of colorectal carcinoma and non-neoplastic tissues: an immunohistochemical study

Background: It is important to detect novel biomarkers responsible for the progression and spread of colorectal cancer (CRC) to better evaluate the prognosis of the patients, provide better management, and foster the development of therapeutic targets. In humans, pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 2 (PYCR2) is encoded on chromosome 1q42.12, and its metabolic activity has been linked to oncogenesis in many cancers. Zinc finger and broad-complex, tramtrack, and bric-à-brac (BTB) domain-containing protein 18 (ZBTB18), a zinc finger transcriptional repressor, has been found to have a tumor-suppressor role and to be methylated in CRCs. To date, the prognostic roles of PYCR2 and ZBTB18 in CRC patients have not been thoroughly studied. Objective: To evaluate the tissue protein expression of PYCR2 and ZBTB18 in CRC and adjacent non-neoplastic intestinal tissues, to detect their roles in CRC carcinogenesis, progression and metastases. Patients and methods: After applying the inclusion criteria, 60 CRC patients were included in the study. Tissue samples from the tumor and the adjacent non-neoplastic tissues were stained with PYCR2 and ZBTB18. The patients were followed up for about 30 months (range: 10 to 36 months). We performed a correlation regarding the expression of the markers, and clinicopathological and prognostic parameters. Results Upregulation of PYCR2 and downregulation of ZBTB18 were found to be higher in CRC tissue than in the adjacent non-neoplastic colonic mucosa (p = 0.026 and p < 0.001 respectively). High expression of PYCR2 and low expression of ZBTB18 were positively correlated with large tumor size, higher tumor grade, advanced tumor stage, presence of spread to lymph nodes, and presence of distant metastases (p < 0.001). High PYCR2 and low ZBTB18 expressions were significantly associated with poor response to therapy (p = 0.008 and 0.0.17 respectively), as well as high incidence of progression and recurrence (p = 0.005), and unfavorable overall survival (OS) rates (p = 0.001). Conclusion: High expression of PYCR2 and low expression of ZBTB18 were independent predictors of CRC, progression, poor prognosis and unfavorable patient OS and progression-free survival (PFS) rates. (AU)

Obesidad como factor pronóstico en el paciente crítico / Obesity as a prognostic factor in the critical ill patients / Obesidade como fator prognóstico no paciente crítico

Resumen: Introducción: La obesidad es una enfermedad con impacto negativo en la sobrevida; se hace referencia al término «paradoja de la obesidad¼ utilizado como un efecto protector en la mortalidad. Objetivo: Determinar si la obesidad es un factor de protección en el paciente crítico. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de cohorte. Se obtuvo información de expedientes de Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) del Hospital Regional Monterrey del Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales para los Trabajadores del Estado (ISSSTE) Monterrey durante 2018. Se hizo análisis bivariado para asociación χ2 y U de Mann-Whitney para correlación fórmula de Pearson y análisis de supervivencia con curva de Kaplan-Meier. Resultados: Se analizaron 151 expedientes de pacientes, 73 obesos y 78 no obesos, se observó que la obesidad es un factor protector para mortalidad (p = 0.044, OR 0.431 (IC 0.187-0.992). El IMC no se correlaciona con el Acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II (p = 0.066); sin embargo, con un impacto en la curva de supervivencia (p = 0.42). Conclusiones: Se detecta la obesidad como factor protector; sin embargo, su asociación con enfermedades crónicas degenerativas, estancia prolongada en UCI y sus complicaciones no dejan de tener impacto negativo en la supervivencia fuera de la unidad.

Abstract: Introduction: Obesity is a disease with a negative impact on survival; the prognosis of these patients is has controversial results. The term «obesity paradox¼ refers as a protective effect on mortality. Objective: To determine whether obesity is a protective factor in the critically ill patient. Material y methods: A cohort study was conducted. Data was obtained from ICU records of the ISSSTE Monterrey Regional Hospital during 2018, bivariate analysis was performed for χ2 and Mann Whitney's U association, for Pearson's formula correlation and survival analysis with Kaplan-Meier curve. Results: 151 records of 73 obese and 78 non-obese patients were analyzed, it was observed that obesity is a protective factor for mortality (p = 0.044, OR 0.431(IC 0.187-0.992), BMI does not correlate with APACHE II (p = 0.066), however, an impact on the survival curve was observed (p = 0.42). Conclusions: According to the results obtained, it matches with the term «obesity paradox¼, however, its association with chronic degenerative diseases, prolonged stay in the ICU and its complications do not cease to have a negative impact on survival outside the unit.

Resumo: Introdução: A obesidade é uma doença com impacto negativo na sobrevida; O termo «paradoxo da obesidade¼ refere-se a um efeito protetor sobre a mortalidade. Objetivo: Determinar se a obesidade é um fator protetor em pacientes críticos. Material e métodos: Foi realizado um estudo de coorte. As informações foram obtidas dos registros da UTI do ISSSTE Monterrey Regional Hospital durante o ano de 2018, foi realizada análise bivariada para associação χ2 eU Mann-Whitney, para correlação da fórmula de Pearson e análise de sobrevida com curva de Kaplan-Meier. Resultados: Foram analisados 151 prontuários de 73 pacientes obesos e 78 não obesos, observou-se que a obesidade é fator protetor para mortalidade (p = 0.044, OR 0.431(IC 0.187-0.992), IMC não se correlaciona com APACHE II (p = 0.066), porém, com impacto na curva de sobrevida (p = 0.42). Conclusões: A obesidade é encontrada como fator de proteção, porém, sua associação com doenças crônico-degenerativas, permanência prolongada na UTI e suas complicações não deixam de ter impacto negativo na sobrevida fora da unidade.

Validation of the Grace Risk Score to Predict In-Hospital and 6-Month Post-Discharge Mortality in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome

Abstract Background The wide range of clinical presentations of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) makes it indispensible to use tools for risk stratification and for appropriate risks management; thus, the use of prognosis scores is recommended in the immediat clinical decision-making. Objective To validate the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) score as a predictor of in-hospital and 6-month post-discharge mortality in a population diagnosed with ACS. Methods This is a prospective cohort study of consecutive patients diagnosed with ACS between May and December 2018. GRACE scores were calculated, as well as their predictive value for in-hospital and 6-month post-discharge mortality. The validity of the model was assessed by two techniques: discriminative power using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and goodness-of-fit, using the Hosmer-Lemeshow (HL) test, at the 5% level of significance. Results A total of 160 patients were included, mean age 64 (±10.9) years; of which 60% were men. The risk model showed to have satisfactory ability to predict both in-hospital mortality, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.76 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.57-0.95; p = 0.014), and 6-month post-discharge mortality, with AUC of 0.78 (95%CI, 0.62-0.94), p = 0.002. The HL test indicated good-fit for both models of the GRACE score. Conclusion In this study, the GRACE risk score for predicting mortality was appropriately validated in patients with ACS, with good discriminative power and goodness-of-fit. The results suggest that the GRACE score is appropriate for clinical use in our setting.

Prognostic features of sarcoidosis course in a Brazilian cohort / Características prognósticas da evolução da sarcoidose em uma coorte brasileira

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify predictive features associated with the course of sarcoidosis at initial evaluation and to develop a predictive score. Methods: This was a retrospective study involving pulmonary sarcoidosis patients, classified as having a self-limited or persistent course of disease, comparing data between the outcomes by univariate analysis. Features related to persistent disease were selected by multivariate analysis and a prognostic score was designed. Results: The sample comprised 200 patients (mean age = 49 years). The median duration of symptoms to diagnosis was 12 months, and delayed diagnosis (> 12 months) was found in 43% of the cases. The most common radiological stage was II; 37% had reduced FVC. Relevant systemic involvement was detected in 37% of the patients. Treatment for tuberculosis was prescribed in 44 patients prior to sarcoidosis diagnosis. Treatment for sarcoidosis was required in 77% of the sample, and the disease course was persistent in 115 cases. Excluding 40 patients with fibrotic disease, prognostic factors to persistent disease were parenchymal involvement, delayed diagnosis, dyspnea, relevant systemic involvement, and reduced FVC. On the basis of the analysis, a 3-letter scoring system (A, B and C) was developed according to the selected factors. The positive predictive values for persistent course for A (≤ 1 point) and C scores (≥ 4 points) were 12.5% and 81.8%, respectively. Conclusions: A score can be derived by selected features at initial evaluation, allowing the prediction of outcomes in a significant number of sarcoidosis patients.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar características preditivas associadas à evolução da sarcoidose na avaliação inicial e desenvolver um escore preditivo. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo com pacientes com sarcoidose pulmonar, classificados como tendo evolução autolimitada ou persistente da doença, comparando dados entre os desfechos por meio de análise univariada. Características relacionadas à doença persistente foram selecionadas por meio de análise multivariada, e foi desenvolvido um escore prognóstico. Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 200 pacientes (média de idade = 49 anos). A mediana da duração dos sintomas até o diagnóstico foi de 12 meses, e houve diagnóstico tardio (> 12 meses) em 43% dos casos. O estádio radiológico mais frequente foi o II; 37% apresentavam redução da CVF. Envolvimento sistêmico relevante foi detectado em 37% dos pacientes. Tratamento para tuberculose foi prescrito em 44 pacientes antes do diagnóstico de sarcoidose. Tratamento para sarcoidose foi necessário em 77% da amostra, e a evolução da doença foi persistente em 115 casos. Com a exclusão de 40 pacientes com doença fibrótica, os fatores prognósticos para doença persistente foram comprometimento parenquimatoso, diagnóstico tardio, dispneia, comprometimento sistêmico relevante e redução da CVF. Com base na análise, foi desenvolvido um sistema de pontuação por letras (A, B e C) de acordo com os fatores selecionados. Os valores preditivos positivos para evolução persistente para as pontuações A (≤ 1 ponto) e C (≥ 4 pontos) foram de 12,5% e 81,8%, respectivamente. Conclusões: É possível derivar um escore por meio de características selecionadas na avaliação inicial, permitindo a predição de desfechos em um significativo número de pacientes com sarcoidose.

Enfermedad renal crónica y pronóstico de pacientes con COVID-19 / Chronic kidney disease and prognosis of COVID-19 patients

Introducción: La COVID-19 ha desatado una emergencia en salud pública de carácter internacional, pues ha infescado y provocado muertes a millones de personas, desatando así una crisis humanitaria nunca antes vista. Las muertes por COVID-19 también se han asociado a la presencia de algunas enfermedades crónicas. Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación entre la enfermedad renal crónica y el peor pronóstico de pacientes con COVID-19. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos PubMed, Scopus, EBSCO Host, Clinical Key, Hinari y Cochrane. Se consultaron artículos publicados hasta el 30 de abril de 2020. Se incluyeron artículos observacionales con información relevante respecto al desenlace de pacientes con COVID-19 y enfermedad renal crónica. Resultados: Fueron incluidos 13 artículos que resumen la información de 8207 pacientes, de los que 405 (4,9 por ciento) tenían enfermedad renal crónica. Se asoció la comorbilidad con un peor pronóstico en pacientes con COVID-19, con OR = 1,99 [IC 95 por ciento: 1,13-3,52; Z = 2,37; p = 0,02] y heterogeneidad I2 = 47 por ciento, (2 = 22,47 (p = 0,03). Al eliminar los estudios con mayor contribución a la heterogeneidad, se analizó información de 5924 pacientes y hubo una mayor asociación entre la enfermedad renal crónica y el peor pronóstico, con OR = 3,02 [IC 95 por ciento: 1,79-5,10; Z = 4,15; p < 0,0001] y heterogeneidad I2 = 0 por ciento, (2 = 3,78 (p = 0,88). Lo que se interpreta como que los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica afectados con COVID-19 tienen una probabilidad tres veces mayor de presentar un peor pronóstico que la población general. Conclusiones: La enfermedad renal crónica empeora el pronóstico de los pacientes afectados con COVID-19(AU)

Introduction: COVID-19 has triggered a global public health emergency, for it has infected and caused the death of millions of people, thus unleashing an unprecedented humanitarian crisis. Deaths due to COVID-19 have also been associated to the presence of several chronic diseases. Objective: Evaluate the association between chronic kidney disease and the worst prognosis of COVID-19 patients. Methods: A search was conducted in the databases PubMed, Scopus, EBSCO Host, Clinical Key, Hinari and Cochrane for observational papers published before 30 April 2020 which contained relevant information about the outcome of patients with COVID-19 and chronic kidney disease. Results: A total 13 papers were included which summarize information about 8 207 patients, 405 (4.9 percent) of them with chronic kidney disease. Comorbidity was associated to a worse prognosis of COVID-19 patients, with OR = 1.99 [CI 95 percent: 1.13-3.52; Z = 2.37; p = 0.02] and heterogeneity I2 = 47 percent, (2 = 22.47 (p = 0.03). After deleting the studies with a greater contribution to heterogeneity, an analysis was conducted of the information about 5 924 patients, finding a greater association between chronic kidney disease and worst prognosis, with OR = 3.02 [CI 95 percent: 1.79-5.10; Z = 4.15; p < 0.0001] and heterogeneity I2 = 0 percent, (2 = 3.78 (p = 0.88). This implies that patients with chronic kidney disease affected by COVID-19 have three times as many chances of having a worse prognosis than the general population. Conclusions: Chronic kidney disease worsens the prognosis of COVID-19 patients(AU)

Insuficiência hepática crônica agudizada está independentemente associada com menor sobrevida em pacientes com peritonite bacteriana espontânea / Acute-on-chronic liver failure is independently associated with lower survival in patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a decompensation of cirrhosis with an in-hospital mortality ranging from 20% to 40%. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to analyze if EASL-CLIF definition of acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is able to predict mortality in cirrhotic patients with SBP. METHODS: Historical cohort study conducted in a public tertiary care teaching hospital. Data from medical records from January 2009 to July 2016 were obtained by searching the hospital electronic database for samples of ascites collected in the period. Electronic and physical medical records were analyzed and patients were included if they were over 18-years old, with cirrhosis and an ascites fluid compatible with SBP: 69 patients were included. Liver-specific scores were calculated and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used for univariate analysis and a stepwise approach to the Cox regression for multivariate analysis. RESULTS: All cause mortality was 44%, 56.5% and 74% for 28-, 90- and 365-day, respectively. The prevalence of ACLF was 58%. Of these, 65% grade 1, 17.5% grade 2 and 17.5% grade 3. In multivariate analysis, the use of proton-pump inhi­bitors, alanine transaminase lower than 40 U/L, hemoglobin higher than 9 g/dL, absence of ACLF and lower CLIF-SOFA and MELD scores were independently associated with higher survival for both 28- and 90-day interval. CONCLUSION: The presence of ACLF and higher CLIF-SOFA scores were independently associated with higher 28- and 90-day mortality in cirrhotic patients admitted due to SBP.

RESUMO CONTEXTO: A peritonite bacteriana espontânea (PBE) é uma descompensação da cirrose com uma mortalidade intra-hospitalar de 20% a 40%. OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo é analisar se a definição de insuficiência hepática crônica agudizada (IHCA) como definido pelo consórcio EASL-CLIF é capaz de predizer mortalidade em pacientes cirróticos com PBE. MÉTODOS: Coorte histórica conduzida em um hospital de ensino público terciário. Foram obtidos dados de prontuários médicos de janeiro de 2009 até julho de 2016, buscando no banco de dados eletrônico do hospital por todas as amostras de ascite coletadas no período. Prontuários eletrônicos e físicos foram analisados e os pacientes com mais de 18 anos com cirrose e líquido de ascite compatível com PBE foram incluídos. Foram incluídos 69 pacientes. Escores específicos para o fígado foram calculados e a análise de sobrevida de Kaplan-Meier foi utilizada para a análise univariada, e uma abordagem progressiva para a regressão logística de Cox foi usada para a análise multivariada. RESULTADOS: A mortalidade por todas as causas foi 44%, 56,5% e 74% para 28-, 90- e 365-dias, respectivamente. A prevalência de IHCA foi de 58%. Desses, 65% grau 1, 17,5% grau 2 e 17,5% grau 3. Na análise multivariada, o uso de inibidores da bomba de prótons, alanina transaminase menor que 40 U/L, hemoglobina acima de 9 g/dL, ausência de IHCA e menores valores dos escores CLIF-SOFA e MELD foram independentemente associados com maior sobrevida para ambos intervalos de 28- e 90-dias. CONCLUSÃO: A presença de IHCA e maiores valores de CLIF-SOFA foram independentemente associados em maior mortalidade para pacientes cirróticos admitidos por PBE no intervalo de 28- e 90-dias.

Variables asociadas a la severidad en pacientes con Covid-19 / Variables associated with severity in COVID-19 patients

En la COVID-19 un porcentaje de los enfermos desarrolla cuadros severos, con una elevada mortalidad, siendo necesario el estudio de sus características con el objetivo de frenar la progresión de la enfermedad. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo en una cohorte de 150 pacientes adultos atendidos en el hospital Manuel Fajardo de Villa Clara, Cuba, en el período de marzo a junio de 2020. Se analizaron variables demográficas, clínicas, de laboratorio, gasométricas y radiológicas medidas al ingreso hospitalario; definiéndose dos grupos de pacientes según la evolución clínica: severos y no severos. Para la comparación de los grupos se realizó un análisis bivariado con el objetivo de determinar aquellas variables con asociación significativa a la severidad. Del total de pacientes, 26 (17,3%) evolucionaron a la severidad y 124 (83.7%), evolucionó satisfactoriamente. Los pacientes severos se caracterizaron por tener edad avanzada (media: 83 años) y presentar comorbilidades; siendo las más significativas: hipertensión arterial, diabetes mellitus, cardiopatía, enfermedad renal crónica y cáncer (p<0.0001). La polipnea y diarrea fueron las manifestaciones clínicas con mayor asociación a la severidad (p<0.0001), seguido por la fiebre (p=0.0157). La escala pronóstica quick SOFA mostró ser un instrumento útil para evaluar a los pacientes al ingreso. Las variables de laboratorio: neutrófilos, linfocitos, índice neutrófilos/linfocitos, hemoglobina. y lactato deshidrogenasa fueron las que mayor asociación tuvieron con la severidad (p<0.0001). Los leucocitos, lactato, dímero D, proteína C reactiva, glicemia y calcio también mostraron resultados significativos (p< 0.05). De las variables gasométricas, la presión y saturación arterial de oxígeno fueron las más significativamente asociadas a la severidad; así como la presencia de infiltrados o consolidación pulmonar en la radiografía de tórax (p <0.0001). El estudio permitió identificar variables al ingreso hospitalario, asociadas a progresión hacia formas severas de la enfermedad

In COVID-19, a percentage of patients develop severe disease, with high mortality, since has been necessary to study its characteristics to stop the progression of the disease. A retrospective study was carried out in a cohort of 150 adult patients attended at Manuel Fajardo Hospital in Villa Clara, Cuba, from March to June 2020. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, gasometric and radiological variables measured at hospital admission were analyzed, defining two groups of patients according to clinical evolution: severe and non-severe. For the comparison of the groups a bivariate analysis was performed, with the objective of determining those variables with a significant association to severity. Of the total number of patients, 26 (17.3%) evolved to severity and 124 (83.7%) evolved satisfactorily. Severe patients were characterized by advanced age (mean: 83 years) and comorbidities; the most significant being hypertension, diabetes mellitus, heart disease, chronic kidney disease and cancer (p< 0.0001). Polypnea and diarrhea were the clinical manifestations with the highest association with severity (p<0.0001), followed by fever (p=0.0157). The quick SOFA prognostic scale proved to be a useful instrument to evaluate patients at admission. Laboratory variables: neutrophils, lymphocytes, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, hemoglobin and lactate dehydrogenase were the most associated with severity (p<0.0001). Leukocytes, lactate, D-dimer, C-reactive protein, glycemia and calcium also showed significant results (p<0.05). Of the gasometric variables, arterial oxygen pressure and saturation were the most significantly associated with severity; as well as the presence of pulmonary infiltrates or consolidation in the chest X-ray (p<0.0001). The study allowed us to identify variables at hospital admission associated with progression to severe forms of the disease.

An analysis of chronic kidney disease as a prognostic factor in pediatric cases of COVID-19 / Análise do possível papel da doença renal crônica no prognóstico da covid-19 em pacientes pediátricos

Abstract Advanced age is a risk factor for severe infection by acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Children, however, often present with milder manifestations of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Associations have been found between COVID-19 and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). Patients with the latter condition present more severe involvement. Adults with comorbidities such as chronic kidney disease (CKD) are more severely affected. This narrative review aimed to look into whether CKD contributed to more severe involvement in pediatric patients with COVID-19. The studies included in this review did not report severe cases or deaths, and indicated that pediatric patients with CKD and previously healthy children recovered quickly from infection. However, some patients with MIS-C required hospitalization in intensive care units and a few died, although it was not possible to correlate MIS-C and CKD. Conversely, adults with CKD reportedly had increased risk of severe infection by SARS-CoV-2 and higher death rates. The discrepancies seen between age groups may be due to immune system and renin-angiotensin system differences, with more pronounced expression of ACE2 in children. Immunosuppressant therapy has not been related with positive or negative effects in individuals with COVID-19, although current recommendations establish decreases in the dosage of some medications. To sum up with, CKD was not associated with more severe involvement in children diagnosed with COVID-19. Studies enrolling larger populations are still required.

Resumo A idade avançada atua como fator de risco para infecção grave por coronavírus 2 da Síndrome de Angústia respiratória aguda (Sars-CoV-2). Em contrapartida, crianças comumente apresentam curso clínico mais brando da Doença do coronavírus 2019 (covid-19). Entretanto, há associação entre covid-19 e Síndrome Inflamatória Multissistêmica em Crianças (MIS-C). Nesses casos, os pacientes apresentam pior evolução. Além disso, em presença de comorbidades, como doença renal crônica (DRC), a população adulta cursa com pior prognóstico. Este estudo objetivou, por meio de uma revisão narrativa, avaliar se a DRC contribuiu para pior prognóstico na covid-19 em pacientes pediátricos. Os estudos analisados mostraram ausência de casos graves, nenhum óbito e rápida recuperação tanto em crianças com DRC quanto nos pacientes pediátricos previamente hígidos. Contudo, alguns pacientes com MIS-C necessitaram de internação em unidade de terapia intensiva e houve registro de óbitos, mas não foi possível relacionar a ocorrência de MIS-C com presença de DRC. Por outro lado, nos adultos, a DRC associou-se a risco aumentado de infecção grave por Sars-CoV-2, com maior índice de óbitos. As discrepâncias entre os grupos etários podem se dever a diferenças no sistema imunológico e no sistema renina-angiotensina, com maior expressão de ECA2 nas crianças. Nos pacientes em imunossupressão, ainda não foi determinado se este tratamento apresenta efeitos benéficos ou maléficos no curso da covid-19, com atual recomendação de se reduzir a dose de alguns medicamentos. Concluindo, não foi possível associar a DRC em crianças a piores prognósticos de covid-19, sendo necessários estudos com amostras mais significativas.

Diagnóstico prenatal de anomalías nefrourológicas en el Centro de Referencia Perinatal Oriente, Santiago, Chile / Prenatal diagnosis of nefrourological anomalies at the Eastern Perinatal Referral Center, Santiago, Chile

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las anomalías congénitas de los riñones y las vías urinarias (CAKUT, Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract) representan un 20-30% de las anomalías detectadas en el periodo prenatal. Si bien la mayoría son de buen pronóstico, un 25% se asocian a enfermedad renal crónica en la infancia y en los casos graves a mortalidad perinatal. OBJETIVO: Describir los casos ingresados al Centro de Referencia Perinatal Oriente (CERPO) y determinar los resultados perinatales y la sobrevida al año. MÉTODO: Estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo. Se incluyeron pacientes ingresadas en la base de datos CERPO, entre los años 2003 y 2019, con diagnóstico de anomalía nefrourológica. Se incluyeron antecedentes prenatales, perinatales y de seguimiento posnatal al año. RESULTADOS: Se evaluaron 273 pacientes. La edad gestacional promedio de derivación fue de 29 semanas + 2 días. El diagnóstico más frecuente fueron las anomalías del tracto de salida (69%). Un 40% de los casos se asociaron a otras anomalías congénitas, siendo las cardiopatías las más frecuentes (19%). Aceptaron la realización de estudio genético invasivo 38 pacientes, de las cuales un 34% presentaron aneuploidías, siendo las trisomías 18 y 13 las más frecuentes (17% y 6%, respectivamente). Se instalaron cinco shunts derivativos vesicoamnióticos en fetos diagnosticados con megavejiga. La sobrevida global para la patología nefrourológica fue del 63% al año, y la mortalidad fetal y neonatal fue del 7% y el 16%, respectivamente. La sobrevida al año según el grupo de clasificación CAKUT fue del 22% para las anomalías de número de riñones, del 46% para las anomalías de tamaño y de morfología renal, del 60% para las anomalías de la posición renal y del 72% para las anomalías del tracto de salida. En este último grupo, la sobrevida alcanza el 81% al excluir los pacientes con diagnóstico prenatal de megavejiga, que presentaron una sobrevida al año del 28%. Los casos de patología nefrourológica asociada a oligohidramnios (índice de líquido amniótico < 5 cm) sin evidencias de uropatía obstructiva asociada presentaron una sobrevida al año del 3%. CONCLUSIONES: Las anomalías del sistema nefrourológico son un diagnóstico prenatal frecuente. La sobrevida al año fue del 63%, pero es necesario prolongar el seguimiento a largo plazo para determinar la evolución de la función renal en cada diagnóstico. La asociación de patología nefrourológica y oligohidramnios conlleva una sobrevida menor.

INTRODUCTION: Congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract (CAKUT) represent 20 to 30% of the anomalies detected prenatally. Although most are of good prognosis, 25% are associated with chronic kidney disease in childhood and severe cases with perinatal mortality. OBJECTIVE: To describe the cases studied in the Eastern Perinatal Referral Center (CERPO) and to determine the perinatal outcome and survival at one year. METHOD: Descriptive and retrospective study. Patients registered on the CERPO database, between 2003 to 2019, with diagnosis of nephrourological anomaly were included. Antenatal, perinatal and postnatal follow-up information was collected. RESULTS: 273 patients were evaluated. The average gestational age at referral was 29 + 2 weeks. The main diagnosis was urinary tract outlet disorders (69%). Thirty nine percent of the cases were associated with other congenital anomalies, with heart disease being the most frequent (19%). Thirty-eight patients accepted an invasive procedure for genetic study, 34% presented aneuploidy, trisomy 18 and 13 were the most frequent (17% and 6% respectively). Five vesico-amniotic derivative shunts were installed in fetuses diagnosed with megabladder. Overall survival at one year was 63% and fetal and neonatal mortality were 7% and 16% respectively. One-year survival per group according to CAKUT classification was 22% in kidney number abnormalities, 46% in kidney size and morphology abnormalities, 60% in renal position abnormalities and 72% in outflow tract abnormalities. In the latter, survival reaches 81% excluding the patients with prenatal diagnosis of megabladder who had a one-year survival of 28%. The cases of nephrourological pathology associated with oligohydramnios (amniotic fluid index < 5 cm) without evidence of associated obstructive uropathy presented a survival of 3% at one year. CONCLUSIONS: The anomalies of the nephrourological system correspond to a frequent prenatal diagnosis. Overall, the one-year survival was 63%; however, follow-up must continue to determine the evolution of renal function in relation to each diagnosis.

Visceral Adiposity Index and Prognostic Nutritional Index in Predicting Atrial Fibrillation after On-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Operations: a Prospective Study

Abstract Introduction: Rhythm problems are the most observed complications following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), the most common being postoperative atrial fibrillation (PoAF), with an incidence reaching 50% of the patients. In this study, we aimed to investigate the predictive importance of prognostic nutritional index (PNI) and visceral adiposity index (VAI) in predicting PoAF, which occurs after CABG accompanied by cardiopulmonary bypass. Methods: Patients who underwent isolated CABG with cardiopulmonary bypass between June 15 and October 15, 2019, were prospectively included in the study. Patients who did not develop in-hospital PoAF were identified as Group 1, and those who did constituted Group 2. Results: PoAF developed in 55 (27.6%) patients (Group 2). The mean age of the 144 patients included in Group 1 and 55 patients in Group 2 were 56.9±8.7 and 64.3±10.2 years, respectively (P<0.001). In multivariate analysis Model 1, age (odds ratio [OR]: 1.084, confidence interval [CI]: 1.010-1.176, P=0.009), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR: 0.798, CI: 0.664-0.928, P=0.048), and PNI (OR: 1.052, CI: 1.015-1.379, P=0.011) were determined as independent predictors for PoAF. In Model 2, age (OR: 1.078, CI: 1.008-1.194, P=0.012), lymphocyte counts (OR: 0.412, CI: 0.374-0.778, P=0.032), and VAI (OR: 1.516, CI: 1.314-2.154, P<0.001) were determined as independent predictors for PoAF. Conclusion: In this study, we determined that low PNI, a simply calculable and cheap parameter, along with high VAI were risk factors for PoAF.

Valor Prognóstico dos Níveis Plasmáticos de NT-proBNP em Pacientes Hospitalizados com Mais de 80 Anos de Idade em um Hospital em Pequim, China / Prognostic Value of Plasma NT-proBNP levels in Hospitalized Patients Older than 80 Years of Age in a Hospital in Beijing, China

Resumo Fundamento Apesar das evidências crescentes de que o peptídeo natriurético N-terminal pró-cérebro (NT-proBNP) tem um valor prognóstico importante em adultos mais velhos, há dados limitados sobre seu valor preditivo prognóstico. Objetivos O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar o significado clínico do NT-proBNP em pacientes hospitalizados com mais de 80 anos de idade em Pequim, China. Métodos Este estudo prospectivo e observacional foi conduzido em 724 pacientes muito idosos em uma enfermaria geriátrica (idade ≥80 anos, variação, 80-100 anos, média, 86,6±3,0 anos). A análise de regressão linear multivariada foi utilizada para rastrear os fatores independentemente associados ao NT-proBNP, e o modelo de regressão de risco proporcional de Cox foi utilizado para rastrear as associações entre os níveis de NT-proBNP e os principais endpoints . Os principais endpoints avaliados foram mortes por todas as causas e ECAM. Valores de p <0,05 foram considerados estatisticamente significativos. Resultados As taxas de prevalência de doença cardíaca coronariana, hipertensão e diabetes mellitus foram 81,4%, 75,1% e 41,2%, respectivamente. O nível médio de NT-proBNP foi 770±818 pg/mL. Utilizando análises de regressão linear multivariada, foram encontradas correlações entre o NT-proBNP plasmático e índice de massa corporal, fibrilação atrial, taxa de filtração glomerular estimada, diâmetro do átrio esquerdo, fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo, uso de betabloqueador, níveis de hemoglobina, albumina plasmática, triglicérides, creatinina sérica, e nitrogênio uréico no sangue. O risco de morte por todas as causas (HR, 1,63; IC 95%, 1,005-2,642; p = 0,04) e eventos cardiovasculares adversos maiores (ECAM; HR, 1,77; IC 95%, 1,289-3,531; p = 0,04) no grupo com o nível mais alto NT-proBNP foi significativamente maior do que no grupo com NT-proBNP mais baixo, de acordo com os modelos de regressão de Cox após o ajuste para vários fatores. Como esperado, os parâmetros da ecocardiografia ajustaram o valor prognóstico do NT-proBNP no modelo. Conclusões O NT-proBNP foi identificado como um preditor independente de morte por todas as causas e ECAM em pacientes hospitalizados com mais de 80 anos de idade.

Abstract Background Despite growing evidence that N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) has an important prognostic value in older adults, there is limited data on its prognostic predictive value. Objectives The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical significance of NT-proBNP in hospitalized patients older than 80 years of age in Beijing, China. Methods This prospective, observational study was conducted in 724 very elderly patients in a geriatric ward (age ≥80 years, range, 80100 years, mean, 86.6 3.0 years). Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to screen for factors independently associated with NT-proBNP, and the Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to screen for relationships between NT-proBNP levels and major endpoints. The major endpoints assessed were all-cause death and MACEs. P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results The prevalence rates of coronary heart disease, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus were 81.4%, 75.1%, and 41.2%, respectively. The mean NT-proBNP level was 770 ± 818 pg/mL. Using multivariate linear regression analyses, correlations were found between plasma NT-proBNP and body mass index, atrial fibrillation, estimated glomerular filtration rate, left atrial diameter, left ventricular ejection fraction, use of betablocker, levels of hemoglobin, plasma albumin, triglycerides, serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen. The risk of all-cause death (HR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.0052.642; P = 0.04) and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE; HR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.2893.531; P = 0.04) in the group with the highest NT-proBNP level was significantly higher than that in the group with the lowest level, according to Cox regression models after adjusting for multiple factors. As expected, echocardiography parameters adjusted the prognostic value of NT-proBNP in the model. Conclusions NT-proBNP was identified as an independent predictor of all-cause death and MACE in hospitalized patients older than 80 years of age.

Desempenho dos escores APACHE II e SOFA em pacientes com injúria renal aguda em uma unidade de terapia intensiva / Performance of APACHE II and SOFA scores in patients with acute kidney injury in an intensive care unit

Objetivo: Validar o desempenho dos escores APACHE II e SOFA para predizer a mortalidade em pacientes com injúria renal aguda em uma unidade de terapia intensiva. Métodos: Estudo observacional e retrospectivo realizado de janeiro de 2018 a setembro de 2020 em um hospital do Rio Grande do Sul. Foram incluídos 256 pacientes. Resultados: Ambos os escores apre- sentaram desempenho adequado para a discriminação da mortalidade em pacientes com injúria renal aguda (área sob a curva para APACHE II de 0,80 e para SOFA de 0,77). Conclusão: A injúria renal aguda é uma condição frequente em ambiente de unidade de terapia intensiva, e os resultados do presente estudo sugerem que ambos os índices são mais precisos quando aplicados em centros únicos e podem ser utilizados rotineiramente para predizer a mortalidade na população

Objective: To validate the performance of the APACHE II and SOFA scores to predict mortality in patients with acute kidney injury in an Intensive Care Unit. Methods: This is an observational and retrospective study conducted from January 2018 to September 2020 at a hospital in Rio Grande do Sul. A total of 256 patients were included. Results: Both scores showed adequate performance for the discrimination of mortality in acute kidney injury patients (area under the curve of 0.80 for APACHE II and 0.77 for SOFA). Conclusion: Acute kidney injury is a frequent condition in intensive care unit settings and the results of the present study suggest that both indices are more accurate when applied in single centers, and can be used routinely to predict mortality in the population

Índice de sarcopenia en pacientes hospitalizados por agudización de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica / Sarcopenia index in hospitalized patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation

Resumen La presencia de sarcopenia (pérdida de masa y función muscular) implica peor pronóstico. Sin embargo, su diagnóstico es complejo y no se realiza en la atención clínica habitual. Se ha propuesto un biomarcador como estimador subrogado de la masa muscular esquelética, el denominado índice de sarcopenia ([creatinina sérica/cistatina C] x100) que se asocia a características pronósticas en diversas enfermedades incluyendo pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) estable. El objetivo de nuestro estudio ha sido evaluar de forma prospectiva la potencial información clínica y pronóstica de este biomarcador en agudización de la EPOC. Se trata de un estudio prospectivo, durante un año, de los pacientes consecutivos que ingresan por agudización de su EPOC. Se incluyeron 89 pacientes, 70 varones (79%) y 19 mujeres (21%). Aquellos con valores disminuidos del índice de sarcopenia tenían más disnea y requerían una internación más prolongada. En el análisis de correlación se obtuvo valores con significación estadística del índice con FEV1 (r = 0.23), PaCO (r = -0.30) y bicarbonato (r = -0.31), y con la disnea (r = -0.25) y la duración del ingreso (r =0.30). En los ingresados por agudización de la EPOC el índice de sarcopenia se relacionó con características pronósticas, de modo que los valores inferiores se asociaron a mayor duración de la internación, más disnea y mayor afectación funcional. Al tratarse de un índice asociado a la masa muscular, su determinación podría identificar a pacientes a incluir en un plan terapéutico diferenciado.

Abstract Sarcopenia (loss of muscle mass and function) implies a worse prognosis. However, its diagnosis is complex and is not made in routine clinical care. A biomarker has been proposed as a surrogate estimator of skeletal muscle mass, the so-called sarcopenia index ([serum creatinine/cystatine C] x100) which is associated with prognostic features in various diseases including patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aim of our study was to prospectively evaluate the potential clinical and prognostic information of this biomarker in COPD exacerbation. This is a one-year prospective study of consecutive patients admitted for COPD exacerbation. A total of 89 patients, 70 men (79%) and 19 women (21%) were included. Those with lower values of the sarcopenia index had a higher level of dyspnoea and a longer hospitalization. In the correlation analysis, the index had statistically significant values with FEV1 (r = 0.23), PaCO (r = -0.30), bicarbonate (r = -0.31), dyspnoea (r = -0.25) and length of admission (r = -0.30). In patients admitted for COPD exacerbation, the sarcopenia index was related to prognostic characteristics, so that lower values were associated with longer duration of hospital admission, more dyspnoea and greater functional impairment. As this is an index associated with muscle mass, its determination may identify patients who could be the subject of a differentiated therapeutic plan.

Avaliação de Padrões Pressóricos Dipper e Não-Dipper e Qualidade de Vida entre Pacientes com Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica / Evaluation of Dipper and Non-dipper Blood Pressure Patterns and Quality of Life Among Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Resumo Fundamento O padrão pressórico não-dipper é definido por uma redução inferior a 10% na pressão arterial noturna e está associado a doenças cardiovasculares. Acredita-se que a inflamação desempenhe um papel na patogênese da doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC) e no padrão pressórico não-dipper e ambas as doenças estão associadas a uma qualidade de vida mais baixa. Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi o de investigar os efeitos do padrão pressórico não-dipper em pacientes com DPOC. Métodos Foi realizado um estudo transversal incluindo 142 pacientes com DPOC. O Questionário Respiratório de Saint George e a Escala de Qualidade de Vida Euro foram utilizados para a coleta de dados. Para entender a rigidez arterial, o índice de aumento e a velocidade da onda de pulso foram medidos; subsequentemente, foi realizada a monitorização ambulatorial da pressão arterial de 24 horas. Foi aplicado um modelo de regressão logística multivariável para entender a relação entre as diferentes variáveis independentes e o padrão pressórico. Foram considerados estatisticamente significativos valores de p inferiores a 0,05. Resultados Como resultado, 76,1% (n = 108) dos pacientes apresentaram o padrão pressórico não-dipper. Os pacientes com padrão não-dipper apresentaram valores mais altos de proteína C reativa (OR: 1,123; IC 95%: 1,016;1,242), índice de aumento (OR: 1,057; IC 95%: 1,011;1,105) e pontuação total no Questionário Respiratório de Saint George (OR: 1,021; IC 95%: 1,001;1,042), em comparação com os pacientes com padrão dipper. Adicionalmente, com o aumento do número de pessoas que habitavam o domicílio, verificou-se que o padrão pressórico não-dipper era mais frequente (OR: 1,339; IC 95%:1,009;1,777). Conclusão O padrão pressórico não-dipper pode aumentar o risco cardiovascular ao desencadear a inflamação e pode afetar adversamente o prognóstico da DPOC diminuindo a qualidade de vida relacionada à doença. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)

Abstract Background Non-dipper blood pressure is defined by less than a 10% reduction in nighttime blood pressure, and it is associated with cardiovascular disease. Inflammation is thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of both chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and non-dipper blood pressure pattern, and both diseases are associated with lower quality of life. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of non-dipper blood pressure pattern in patients with COPD. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out with 142 patients with COPD. The Saint George Respiratory Questionnaire and the Euro Quality of Life Scale were used to collect data. To understand arterial stiffness, the augmentation index and pulse wave velocity were measured, and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was subsequently performed. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to understand the relationship between different independent variables and blood pressure pattern. P values lower than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results As a result, 76.1% (n = 108) of the patients had non-dipper blood pressure pattern. Non-dipper patients had higher C-reactive protein (OR:1.123; 95% CI:1.016;1.242), augmentation index (OR: 1.057; 95% CI: 1.011;1.105) and Saint George Respiratory Questionnaire total score (OR: 1.021; 95% CI: 1.001;1.042) than dipper patients. Also, as the number of people living at home increased, non-dipper blood pressure pattern was found to be more frequent (OR: 1.339; 95% CI: 1.009;1.777). Conclusion Non-dipper blood pressure pattern may increase cardiovascular risk by triggering inflammation and may adversely affect the prognosis of COPD by lowering the disease-related quality of life. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)